Human Rights Day is observed every year on December 10— the day the United Nations General Assembly adopted, in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The UDHR is a milestone document, which proclaims the inalienable rights that everyone is entitled to as a human being - regardless of race, color, religion, sex, language, political or another opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, or another status.
The philosophy of human rights has been highly influential within international law and global and regional institutions. Actions by states and non-governmental organizations form a basis of public policy worldwide. The idea of human rights suggests that "if the public discourse of peacetime global community can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of human rights". The strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights continue to provoke considerable skepticism and debates about the content, nature, and justifications of human rights to this day.
The precise meaning of the term right is controversial and is the subject of continued philosophical discussion. While there is consensus that human rights encompass a wide variety of rights such as the right to a fair trial, protection against enslavement, prohibition of genocide, free speech, or a right to education, there is conflict about which of these particular rights should be included within the general framework of human rights. some thinkers suggest that human rights should be a minimum requirement to avoid the worst-case abuses, while others see it as a higher standard.
On December 10, 1948, the United Nations talked about human rights for the first time by issuing the World Human Rights Declaration. Although officially this day was announced in 1950. The assembly invited all the countries to celebrate 'International Human Rights Day on this day, after which the assembly passed resolution 423 (V) and issued a notice to all countries and related organizations to celebrate this day.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is available in more than 500 languages. At the same time, the Human Rights Act was implemented in India on 28 September 1993 and the 'National Human Rights Commission was constituted on 12 October 1993, but the declaration was recognized by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1948. But the day of 10 December was fixed for Human Rights Day.
Human rights mean some special rights received by every human living in the world, which bind the world together, protects every person, allow him to live in the world with freedom. There should be no discrimination against any person at any cost, there should be no problem, everyone can live their life happily and happily, so human rights were created. Human Rights Day is celebrated to make people aware of their rights. Human rights mean to give to human beings all those rights, which are related to the life, liberty, equality, and dignity of the individual. All these rights are present in the name of Fundamental Rights in Part-III of the Indian Constitution and those who violate these rights are punished by the court. Human rights also include the right to health, economic, social, and education. Human rights are those fundamental natural rights from which human beings cannot be deprived or oppressed based on race, caste, nationality, religion, sex, etc.
The National Human Rights Commission was constituted in India on 12 October 1993, since then the Human Rights Commission also works in the areas of political, economic, social, and cultural work. Like wages, HIV AIDS, health, child marriage, women's rights. The work of the Human Rights Commission is to make more and more people aware of their rights. However, if we talk about human rights in India, then it is clear that even today many people are not aware of human rights, while they are their rights. Human rights abuses are common in backward states and villages where literacy levels are slightly lower. In such areas, the people who have the power, do not follow them and create pressure on the common people. In cities, people are aware of human rights, but they also take the wrong advantage of them.
The theme of Human Rights Day 2021 is Reducing inequalities and Advancing human rights. This year’s theme relates to ‘Equality’ and Article 1 of UDHR which says ‘All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.’ The principles of equality and non-discrimination are at the heart of human rights.
The UN approach set out in the document includes addressing and finding solutions for discrimination that has affected several people in society. Equality, inclusion, and non-discrimination- a human rights-based approach to development is the only best way to reduce inequality.
1. Equality or Right to Equality (Article 14 to Article 18)
2. Right to Freedom (Articles 19 to 22)
3. Right against Exploitation (Articles 23 to 24)
4. Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25 to 28)
5. Right to Culture and Education (Articles 29 to 30)
6. Constitutional Rights (Article 32)
Right to live: The law of our country has given every person the birthright to live his free life. Under this, no human being has the right not to be killed by any other person. Under this right, every person has the right to a fair trial by an impartial court, his issue is heard within a reasonable time, right to a lawyer, right to public hearing, and right to interpretation.
Right to freedom of speech: Every human being in this country has the right to speak freely and to express his opinion freely in the public and to raise his voice against the discrimination being done against him. However, some limits have been set in this right, such as obscenity, disturbance and inciting a riot, etc. are prohibited.
Right to Education: Every person has the right to education, which is the duty of the government to provide education to every citizen of the country.
Right to freedom of thought. conscience and religion Every citizen of our country has the right to think freely and form honest beliefs. and is free from time to time to change the same at any time according to his/her free will, without any legal coercion.
Freedom and equal rights - According to the Constitution of India, all the people of the country are free and equal in terms of dignity, according to the law, this right is human innate freedom and equality. Therefore, according to the gift of their intellect and conscience, everyone should behave with each other in the spirit of brotherhood.
Right to freedom from slavery: It has the right to freedom from slavery or servitude, that is, to any person in slavery or servitude could not be kept in a condition of, slavery and trade would be completely prohibited
Right to freedom from torture, torture, or cruelty: No one can be subjected to physical torture, and no one can be treated with cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. Right to Equality before the Law Every person has the right to be accepted as a person in the eyes of the law. Right to equal protection to everyone in law All are equal in the eyes of the law of the land and all without discrimination
Poverty is the biggest reason for the violation of human rights. Where there is hunger, there cannot be peace, so the fight for human rights cannot be fought without eradicating poverty and providing basic facilities.
According to the report, in all developing countries including India, 1/5 of the population sleeps hungry at night, 1/4 does not have basic facilities including drinking water, and 1/3 of the total population is living a life of extreme poverty.
More than half of the country is under the poverty line. The northeastern states are no exception to this. Economic growth in these states has been sluggish for decades, leading to increased unemployment, wastage of human power, and recruitment of extremist groups.
Whether it is the Nandigram case of West Bengal or the suicides by starving farmers in the villages of Orissa, we have been forced to think that without creating a new social order, Fundamental Rights have no meaning for the majority of the people of India.
1. There is no prescribed format for sending the complaint, the complaint can be sent by writing on ordinary paper.
2. The Commission may appoint a suitable number of investigators or supervisors for investigation in any particular case.
3. Before making recommendations in matters of wider public interest, the Commission shall also make suggestions by constituting a committee of experts.
4. A new facility for sending complaints through e-mail has also been started recently by the Commission. For this, the complaint can be sent from any center online.
5. Complaints received after 1 year of occurrence of incidents are not acted upon by the Commission.
6. No action is taken by the Commission on the matter pending before any other Court or Commission.
7. Action is taken by the Commission by taking cognizance of the news of human rights violations published in newspapers in the wider public interest or personal matters.
1. Ideology
2. Functions
3. Fundamental Rights
4. Beneficiaries
5. Agents
6. Institutions
7. Laws
The basic objective of human rights is to protect the dignity of human beings. There is a basic agreement on the ideology of rights that every resident of the country and region should live a dignified life and his basic rights to live life should be protected.
1. International
2. Regional
3. National
Human rights have been effectively identified by linking these three levels through various treaties. The most important task related to human rights is to form an opinion on human rights by consensus. Attempts have to be made to make a consensus by voting on various sections in which women, minorities, immigrants, oppressed and other sections whose rights are violated. Apart from this, the enforcement of rules, promotion of respect for rights, mobilization of rights, and protection of rights are the main objectives of institutions and agents protecting human rights.
For the development of any country, social development is necessary for that country, and for social development, it is necessary to pay attention to social problems like poverty, unemployment, and social exclusion.
There is a need to systematically eradicate the evils related to human rights like poverty, hunger, unemployment, malnutrition, naughty, organized crime, corruption, foreign encroachment, arms smuggling, terrorism, intolerance, apartheid, religious bigotry, etc.
